The major focus is the observable construction, design, and detailing issues of the Süleymaniye, Selimiye, and Kadırga Sokollu Mehmet Paşa Mosques, as well as the Davutpaşa and Sultanahmet Mosques, which are considered the pioneers and successors of the era. Although period structures are often examined for the flawless aspects of their aesthetic compositions, contrary to expectations, they are not the product of ideal design processes; rather, inconsistencies are evident that reflect on-site implementation practices. The objective of this study is to derive insights into the unexpected outcomes regarding the design and implementation processes in the Classical period of Ottoman architecture. As a result of observational and photogrammetric analyses, morphological anomalies that do not align with deterministic design models were identified within the main mass, outer portico, minaret, and annex intersections of the five monumental structures. These traces reflected on the facades and details (break in continuity of mouldings, overlapping or clashing of architectural components) indicate that a holistic design framework or concurrent construction processes could not be maintained continuously, or that deviations from the original layout occurred during subsequent, needs-based interventions, leading to various issues. Consequently, these traces demonstrate that Classical period Ottoman architecture operated through a flexible on-site implementation practice rather than a rigid and flawless template.

Classical Ottoman architecture, historical construction traces, implementation issues, history of construction, design issues in historical buildings.