Children, who come into the world as defenceless and powerless individuals, begin to become social beings under the influence of first their families and then society. It is important that children's physical, social and psychological needs are met in order for them to become healthy individuals. Children whose needs are met contribute to the formation of healthy societies. The Republic, proclaimed in 1923, was not only a change in the administrative regime for Turkey, but also carried the ideal of creating a modern society in every sense. Within the framework of this ideal, the founding members of the Republic emphasised the importance of the family in social change at every opportunity. Together with the family, children were seen as the future of society. The meaning attributed to children brought with it the need to protect them. The difficulties encountered during World War II between 1939 and 1945 exacerbated social problems. These difficulties led to the breakdown of families. During this period, the number of orphaned and vulnerable children increased significantly. The legalisation of efforts to protect children was only realised with the enactment of the Law on Children in Need of Protection on 27 May 1949. This study examines World War II and its effects on Turkey, the process of enacting the child protection law, the discussions held in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, archival documents, research works on the subject, and the public's perception of these discussions in the national press. This law represents an important step forward in the ongoing issue of children's rights, which remains relevant today and has yet to reach the desired level, and it laid the foundation for future efforts in this area.
Republic, Child in Need of Protection, World War II, Turkey, Child Protection Law.